summit: implies the topmost level attainable: a singer at the ~ of his career.       新四第3篇because the summit was the prize they sought因为他们追求的是爬上顶峰  economic summit经济峰会summit meeting首脑峰会




peak: suggests the highest point reached in a course or during a specific length of time: an artist working at the ~ of her powers.   the peak of perfection/energy完美/能量的顶峰，如the peaks and valleys in electricity usage用电高峰和低谷，例句at the peak of her powers=at her peak能力顶峰，十分常用




pinnacle: suggests a dizzying and often insecure height: the ~ of success.    (dizzy头晕: she felt slightly dizzy and disoriented她感觉有点晕头转向)           dizzying令人眩晕的insecure不安全的高度，使人想到"高处不胜寒"，比喻一些位高权重的人，没有知心的朋友，经常感觉被别人从高高的位置上推下来．就是说，站在高高的地方承受那里的风寒，如本例成功的巅峰，又如the pinnacle of his career/British politics事业/政界的巅峰   巅的意思是山顶




climax: implies the highest point in an ascending series: the moon landing marked the ~ of the program.         如the climax of the movie/tournament/gala concert/trial电影/锦标赛/音乐会/庭审的高潮 反义词anticlimax令人扫兴的结局    (ascend上升，逐渐上升implies continuous or progressive upward movement，如the sun ascends the sky红日冉冉升起)




apex: implies the point where all ascending lines or processes converge and in which everything is concentrated: Dutch culture reached its ~ in the 17th century.    如金字塔/山的顶端the apex of the pyramid/mountain，如at the apex of the party was its central committee该党的最高权力机构是中央委员会  




acme: implies a level of quality representing the perfection of a thing: a statue that was once deemed the ~ of beauty.    常用作商标，注意不要和acne痤疮混淆a condition in which the skin has many pimples粉刺，如a teenager with acne一个长痤疮的青少年




culmination: suggests an apex that is the outcome of a growth or development: the bill marked the ~ of the civil rights movement.      如each civilization is born, it culminates, and it dedays每一种文明都有其诞生、鼎盛和衰亡的过程，是新四第30篇的首句，如本例民权运动的顶峰(高潮)




summit顶峰主峰: 指所能达到的最高点，peak也是顶峰:  (仅)表示一段路程、时间段的最高点，pinnacle顶峰: 表示让人感到眩晕不安全的高峰，climax高潮顶峰: 指不断上升达到的最高点，apex顶峰: 指所有路线事件汇聚的最高点(converge汇聚,concentrate集中)，acme顶峰: 指达到完美品质，culmination顶点: 表示是长期成长或发展的最终结果

记忆方法：1）首字母SPPCAAC重组成AS CPC Policy Advisor作为中共政策顾问<==顶峰           "峰"是形声字，从山夆声，本义1、高而尖的山头，如山峰高峰巅峰主峰孤峰险峰 引申为2、像山峰的东西，如驼峰浪峰  3、比喻"最高处"，如登峰造极峰会峰值      "巅"的意思也是山顶
          2）练习一下


          3）顶峰的意思是所能达到的最高点mean the highest point attained or attainable.首字母SPPCAAC重组成AS CPC Policy Advisor作为中共政策顾问<==顶峰